![]() The subjects with lesions that are limited to the temporal lobe were regarded as having either MTLE or LTLE, according to the involvement of the mesial temporal structures. Together, they help classify the localization of lesions into mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE), frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), or occipital lobe epilepsy (OLE). With regards to the EEG, a trained specialist is quick to identify the source of the seizure even though it may record an abnormal waveform remote to the lesion, based on its morphology and frequency, in association with the presentation. Imaging modalities can aid in the localization if structural lesions are suspected. ![]() ![]() In the case of partial epilepsies, the clinical presentation including the type of auras, if present, along with an EEG help in localizing the focus of the lesion, fairly accurately. In a patient presenting with a history of seizures, the primary evaluation includes classification of the type of seizure and subsequently, the localization of the seizure focus. The evaluation of the abnormal waveforms of these discharges and their propagation facilitates the understanding of transmission pathways and the associated seizure focus. In the event of a seizure, an abnormality of the brain network occurs, which causes an abnormal, large super-synchronous neuronal discharge. The synchronization between different cerebral functions is related to the dynamic interactions of segregated brain regions. The EEG measures the summation of EPSPs that is a net result of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials from groups of synchronously firing pyramidal cells. This dipole then rapidly moves along the axon of the neuron as an action potential. Consequently, an electrical dipole is established across the soma of the neuron with positive charges internally and negative charges externally. In the cortex, when a neurotransmitter is released, the postsynaptic endplate of the adjacent dendrite is stimulated, leading to the formation of an endplate postsynaptic potential (EPSP). When it is associated with impairment in consciousness, it is called a 'focal impaired awareness seizure,' earlier known as a complex partial seizure. When there is no associated impairment in consciousness, it is called a 'focal onset aware seizure' previously known as a simple partial seizure. Localization-related epilepsies, also known as focal epilepsies, refer to an abnormal neuronal activity arising from a localized focus and involve a limited portion of the cortex. It is a useful tool for diagnosing and classifying various seizure types. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a useful tool for recording the electrical activity from the cortex and the deeper brain structures. These are typically associated with abnormal hypersynchronous discharges in the brain, resulting in clinical manifestations. Review the importance of improving care coordination amongst interprofessional team members to improve outcomes for patients affected by localization-related epilepsies.Įpilepsy is a condition defined by the occurrence of two or more unprovoked seizures that happen at least 24 hours apart.Summarize the clinical significance, indications, contraindication, and potential complications with EEG in localization-related epilepsies.Explain the equipment and technique used in recording EEG in localization-related epilepsies.Describe the anticipated EEG findings associated with localization-related epilepsies.It also highlights the role of an interprofessional team in evaluating and treating this condition. This activity reviews the application, technique used, and common EEG findings in localizing epilepsies. Focal seizures are associated with specific EEG patterns, that aid in detecting and discerning the focus and subsequently the treatment for the specific epileptic syndrome. These are set to various montages, that create numerous channels for region-specific electrical activity monitoring. Electrodes, amplifiers, and plotting devices are used to record an EEG. It also aids in both localizing and characterizing the seizure, and aid in the selection of the drug for treatment. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is essential to define an epileptic syndrome, especially a focal epileptic seizure.
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